80 Safari tips
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Pick a color from the webpage, or the screen
When working with the CSS of a webpage, from the Elements or Inspector tool, in DevTools, there may be times when you want to reuse a existing color from the webpage, or from the screen, but might not... Read more -
Highlight areas that the browser engine re-paints
When you scroll through a webpage, or when parts of the webpage change, the browser engine sometimes needs to repaint parts of the page. The process of converting the layout and style information into... Read more -
Display the specificity of a CSS selector
The specificity of a CSS selector is a score that the browser computes based on the different parts of the selector. It is used to determine which CSS rule takes precedence when multiple rules from th... Read more -
Copy an inline SVG image's source code
To copy the SVG source code of an SVG image that's embedded directly in the HTML of a webpage, use the Elements tool in DevTools (Inspector in Firefox). To open DevTools, right-click the SVG image i... Read more -
Disable all CSS styles on the page
To remove all CSS styles on a webpage, for example to test the accessibility of a page when styles are disabled, or to verify the order in which content is displayed, you can use the techniques below.... Read more -
Find why a CSS property is overridden
In CSS, the cascade plays a very important role in which CSS properties apply to an element. This key concept is not explained here, but you can learn more on MDN, at Cascade, specificity, and inherit... Read more -
Name evaluated files with the sourceURL pragma
If you insert JavaScript code in a webpage by using the eval() function, or inline <script> tags, you can use the sourceURL pragma to give them a name in DevTools. For example, when using eval()... Read more -
Inspect the user-agent DOM
Browsers often add elements to the DOM of your web pages on top of the ones you, yourself, defined. For example, when you create a <video> element, the browser creates a bunch of nested DOM node... Read more -
Enable DevTools in Safari
Unlike other browsers, Safari hides its DevTools (and other developer-related features) by default. That's actually good because 99% of the people using the browser are probably not web developers. If... Read moreCategories: Supported by: -
Block DevTools
There are two levels to consider when talking about blocking (or disabling) DevTools in a browser: Disabling DevTools at the browser level. For example, if you have a browser for web development, and... Read more -
List all event listeners on the entire page
When you don't know a codebase, it might be hard to know where to get started, and what events are being listened to by which elements. The Console tool, in Chromium-based browsers, comes with a nice... Read more -
See the viewport size
The size of the viewport that's used to render a webpage in a browser can be very important at times, such as when creating or debugging media queries. You can easily know what the current size of the... Read more -
Use user gesture restricted APIs in the Console
Certain web APIs are user gesture restricted. This means that they can only be called as a result of a user action, such as in a click event handler. For example, you can't simply put yout website in... Read more -
Highlight all elements on the page that match a given CSS selector
When you select an element in DevTools (in the Elements or Inspector tool), you see the CSS rules that apply to it. But, these rules can also apply to other elements in the page than the currently sel... Read more -
Check if a website uses third-party cookies
Cookies are small files that websites save on your computer when you visit them. Websites often use cookies to remember things about your last visit. For example, a weather website can use cookies to... Read more -
Find the CSS rule that causes a specific style to apply
Here is the scenario: you know there's a specific style that applies to an HTML element in your web page, say some padding, but you can't seem to find where, in the CSS code, that style is coming from... Read more -
Debug your Safari Web Apps on macOS
Starting with Safari 17 (announced at WWDC 2023) any website you use in Safari can be installed as a Web App on macOS. Once installed, the Web App shows up like any other app on macOS, in all of the s... Read moreCategories: Supported by: -
Understand when the Console opens in the main panel and in the drawer
Have you noticed how the Console tool is sometimes displayed in a top-level tab (just like all other tools), and sometimes in a split pane at the bottom, below the main tool? If you've been confused b... Read more -
Find all elements with a specific style
Let's say you want to list all of the elements on a page that are absolutely positioned. Or maybe you want to find all of the elements that use CSS grid. How would you do that? One way is to run a few... Read more -
Inspect and debug iframes
If the page you are working on contains an iframe which you want to inspect and debug, you can actually use DevTools to do so. This can be very useful when working with coding playground sites like Co... Read more -
Customize the columns shown in console.table
The console.table method is great for displaying tabular data in the console, but what if the objects your're logging contain a lot of properties, causing a lot of columns to appear in the console? Fo... Read more -
Speed up or slow down a video
You can speed up or slow down a video on a website by using the playbackRate property of the video element. This can be very useful for when the website makes it tricky to do this in the UI! Open Dev... Read more -
Debug your print CSS styles by simulating print media
If you work on a webpage that's supposed to be printed, you probably want to test your print CSS styles. You can use your browser's print preview of course, but what if you need to debug the CSS? DevT... Read more -
Detect unused CSS and JavaScript code
To make sure your webpage loads and appears fast for your users, load only the CSS and JS code that your page requires to appear correctly. If some of your CSS or JS code is only needed later, when th... Read more -
See the size of the transferred data for images, scripts, or other resources
To know how much data your website transfers between the server and the client to display images, or scripts, or anything else: Open the Network tool. Refresh the page to make sure the list of req... Read more -
Emulate color schemes
In CSS, you can use the prefers-color-scheme media feature (docs) to detect if the user prefers using a light or a dark theme in their operating system. This is useful to style your website in a way t... Read more -
Manipulate global objects on page load, before other scripts run
When a page loads, and all of its global objects are ready, but before the JavaScript code of the page actually kicks-in, is a great time to inject debugging code. For example, it might be useful to r... Read moreCategories: Supported by: -
List all supported console functions
You've probably already used console.log() in your code to print debugging values to the Console tool in DevTools. But the console namespace actually has many other functions too! To list them all, op... Read more -
Re-use scripts as snippets
The Console is great to write short JavaScript expressions that read from the document or manipulate it. But it's also a terrible editor. You can actually use a full editor in Edge, Chrome, and Safari... Read more -
Simulate different devices and screen sizes
All browser DevTools have a built-in mode that you can use to test a webpage under different screen sizes and device capabilities. As a web developer, it is very important to realize that your website... Read more -
Install or create extensions to customize DevTools
There's a lot of tools in DevTools already, probably more than you use. But in some cases, you may need very specific tools that aren't available by default. Thankfully, DevTools can be extended with... Read more -
Use DevTools in another language
If you want to use DevTools in another language than English, you can do it across all major browsers. In Firefox, DevTools will always match the language of the browser, so if you downloaded Firefox... Read more -
Access results from recent Console evaluations
Imagine you evaluate a long expression like $$('*').map(el => Object.values(el.attributes).map(attr => {return {name: attr.name, value: attr.value}})) which extracts the attributes from all of t... Read more -
Remove annoying page overlays and other elements
A lot of websites these days get covered with overlays and crammed with lots of ads and other things that make it hard to just read the content of the page. To get rid of an annoying overlay, or any o... Read more -
Copy CSS selector of an element
Sometimes we need to uniquely identify an element that lacks an identifier, so that it can be referenced in JavaScript and other places. All the major browsers have an option to build a unique CSS sel... Read more -
Edit an element's attributes and tag name with the keyboard
Using the keyboard can be faster than using a mouse in certain cases (and for some people). One such case is editing an element's tag name and attributes in DevTools. To do this, select an element in... Read more -
Discover all the tools
DevTools is confusing! There's so much functionality packed in such a small UI. Did you know that Chrome DevTools had more than 30 individual tools! Yes, that's right, 30. It's hard for both new users... Read more -
Use document.designMode to spell check your webpage
Amelia Bellamy-Royds shared a really cool tip to spell-check a webpage's content from DevTools: Open DevTools, and go to the Console tool. Type document.designMode = "on" and press Enter. C... Read more -
Visualize and debug CSS cascade layers
Cascade layers is a CSS feature that allows web developers to define their CSS styles in multiple layers and control the order in which these layers apply. Cascade layers are meant to bring an elegant... Read more -
Start your HTML and CSS prototypes in the browser directly
Sometimes I need a blank canvas to prototype an idea with HTML and CSS. Something outside of the website I'm working on. Maybe I need a new layout or component and I'm not sure yet how to do it. In th... Read more -
Debug popups that appear on hover using the debugger statement
In Debug popups that appear on hover using JS we described how to pause the debugger to inspect popups that appear on hover and disappear as soon as the cursor moves away. Here's another way to do thi... Read more
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console.log() is great, but do you know console.table()? console.group()? console.assert()?
You probably know about console.log() already, it's a great way to print variables and objects to the console while the code is running, to debug it. But there are other console methods that can help... Read more -
Send feedback, ask for features and report bugs
Browser vendors depend on your feedback to build the right tools for you. Without hearing from you all about what problems you have, or what features you lack, they can't take the right decisions abo... Read more -
Paste multiple CSS declarations at once
You know how you can paste a CSS property name or value in the Styles (or Rules) panel? Well, you can actually paste several declarations at once too! For example, try copying the following entire CSS... Read more -
Query object instances and holders from the console
All browser DevTools have a few built-in functions in the console to do things like get the current element, or copy a string. But Safari exposes 2 nice built-in functions: queryInstances queryHolder... Read moreCategories: Supported by: -
Write code on multiple lines in the Console
If you're feeling adventurous and want to write longer pieces of code in the Console to execute more complex things, it can quickly become difficult. Thankfully, there are a few ways to make your life... Read more -
Download all images from the page
If you want to download all of the images on a webpage in one go, you can use the following few lines of JavaScript code to do it: $$('img').forEach(async (img) => { try { const src = img.src;... Read more -
Automatically logging name and value in console.log()
Using the console of DevTools you can to log some information to debug your JavaScript. The common way to do that is to add a console.log() statement where you want to learn the value of a certain var... Read more -
Move panels to re-arrange them
Moving panels around the user interface can be very useful to make DevTools more unique to you and adapted to your needs. There are 2 ways that you can re-arrange panels in DevTools today: dragging th... Read more -
Format console messages
You can use special formatters in the console.log function to format logs just the way you want. Use %s to format a variable as a string. Use %d to format a variable as an integer. Use %f to format a... Read more -
Simulate pseudo CSS classes
If you use :hover, :active, or other pseudo-classes in your CSS code, it can be tedious to test them. For example, having to hover over an element which is styled with the :hover pseudo-class means th... Read more -
Zoom the DevTools UI to your liking
Do you find the UI of DevTools too small to comfortably work with? Because this UI is made of HTML and CSS, just like any other web pages, it can be zoomed in (or out) by the browser just like you can... Read more -
See the page in 3D
See your page in 3 dimensions to quickly find out how deeply nested it is, fix z-index stacking issues, and performance issues. In Edge # Open the Command Menu by pressing ctrl+shift+P (or cmd+shift+... Read more -
Easily change CSS number values from the keyboard in increments of 0.1, 1, 10, 100
When playing with styling or layout code in DevTools, it's useful to be able to change widths, margins, and other CSS number values quickly. Manually entering new numbers works of course, but it gets... Read more -
Find and export CSS changes
If you spent time changing CSS in DevTools, either in the Rules panel (in Firefox), or in the Sources or Styles panels (in Chrome or Edge), and you don't remember all of the changes you made, you can... Read more -
Evaluate XPath to find elements in the page
DevTools supports 2 ways to evaluate XPath expressions to help you locate elements in the page. All browsers support those 2 ways: From the Elements (or Inspector) panel: Click anywhere in the panel... Read more -
Store a node as a variable to use it in the console
If you want to use a DOM node from the page in the console: Right-click the node in the Elements (or Inspector in Firefox). Click on Store as global variable (or Use in Console in Firefox). The Cons... Read more -
Console.log() for the web with logpoints
Using the console to log some information is a very common way to debug your JavaScript. But you can also log information in any web site using Logpoints in the sources panel. Here's how to do it: I... Read more -
Debug popups that appear on hover using JS
Have you ever been frustrated because you couldn't style a popup or tooltip that appeared on hover? If it uses JavaScript to get displayed, it's hard to style without modifying the code to make it sta... Read more -
Pause script execution when the DOM changes
If you want to know what JavaScript code removes, adds, or modifies a DOM element in the page, you can use DOM breakpoints in DevTools. You can choose to break on: Subtree modification: this pauses e... Read more -
Change the color theme of DevTools
Chrome, Firefox and Safari all have a light and dark theme for their DevTools. On top of these two themes, Edge also has about 10 VS Code themes such as Monokai and Solarized Dark. To change the theme... Read more -
Play a sound when a line of JavaScript is executed
Sometimes pausing execution when a line of JavaScript is executed is too much, sometimes you only want to know that the line was executed at all, not pause there. To do this you can add console.log()... Read moreCategories: Supported by: -
Visualize the screen reader order for elements within the page
Some users make use of assistive technology, like screen readers (e.g. Narrator, VoiceOver, NVDA), to consume the content of web pages and interact with them. If a screen reader presents the content i... Read more -
Prototype content changes with designMode
When creating or modifying a design prototype for the web, you may want to quickly edit content in the browser without having to find the relevant code. When you turn on designMode for the document or... Read more -
Copy an element's XPath expression
You can easily copy an element's XPath expression from DevTools. This is useful if you need this expression for an automated test for example. Go to the Elements (or Inspector) panel Use the context-... Read more -
Find DevTools reference documentation
If you want to learn more about what other tools exist in a browser, or what features a given tool provides, you can find reference documentation from all the major browsers here: Firefox Developer T... Read more -
Drag and drop nodes in the DOM tree
If you need to move nodes or elements around in the DOM tree, to re-order things in the page, you can do it by drag and dropping nodes around in the Elements (or Inspector) panel.... Read more -
Event listeners are suppressed when paused
This is not really a tip, but rather an interesting thing to be aware of when debugging JavaScript. If you use breakpoints in the Sources (or Debugger) tab in DevTools to debug JavaScript, you should... Read more -
Apply CSS styles to console messages
The console.log output can be styled in DevTools using CSS. console.log('%c Hello World', 'color: orange; font-size: 2em;');... Read more -
Find all images without alternative text
With HTML, you can add alternative text to images using the alt attribute. It can be used to add a text description to images, which is extremely useful for accessibility as some people may not be abl... Read more -
Draw a box around all elements to debug your CSS and page structure
Simple, yet powerful, * { outline: 1px solid red; } is a useful debugging trick that helps understanding the page structure, finding overflow bugs or understand why elements are being pushed away for... Read more -
Find DOM elements from the console
$ and $$ are 2 functions you can use in the console to find elements in the page. They are essentially shortcuts to the longer document.querySelector() and document.querySelectorAll() functions, but $... Read more -
Persist console messages across page navigations and reloads
By default, the messages displayed in the console get removed as soon as you refresh the page (or navigate to a new page). If you want to keep those messages as long as DevTools is open, follow these... Read more -
Copy an object from the console
The console panel supports a very handy copy() function that stringifies and copies anything you pass to it as an argument, so you can then paste it somewhere else. For example: copy($$('a').map(a =&g... Read more -
Get the selected element in the console
If you selected an element in the Elements panel (in Chrome, Safari, Polypane or Edge) or the Inspector panel (in Firefox), you can refer to it in the console using $0. This shortcut will return the D... Read more -
View performance markers in order
When logging performance.timing events to the console, they appear in alphabetical order since they are properties of the PerformanceTiming object. In order to view them in order, you can use console.... Read more -
Unminify JavaScript code to easily read and debug it
Sometimes, the JavaScript code that runs on a website is minified and really hard to read. This is common in production. You can unminify code in DevTools to read it more easily, and also set breakpoi... Read more -
Highlight all the elements that a CSS rule matches
When you want to know which elements a given CSS rule will apply to, in addition to the currently selected element, you can: In Firefox: In the Style Editor panel: hover over any rule selector for s... Read more -
Expand DOM nodes recursively
You can expand all descendants under a given DOM node in one go, to avoid having to expand each node one by one, which may take a while. In Chrome and Edge Right-click on the node you want to expand... Read more -
Use the debugger statement to pause script execution
If you prefer to use console.log() statements rather than the JavaScript debugger because you find it difficult to set breakpoints in DevTools (or you can't), then you can use the debugger statement i... Read more
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